乐鱼 体育

Cities without Suburbs, first published in 1993, has influenced analysis of America鈥檚 cities by city planners, scholars, and citizens alike. David Rusk, the former mayor of Albuquerque, argues that America must end the isolation of the central city from the suburbs if it is to solve its urban problems.

Rusk鈥檚 analysis, extending back to 1950, covers all metropolitan areas in the United States but focuses on the 137 largest metro areas and their principal central cities. He finds that cities that were trapped within old boundaries during the age of sprawl have suffered severe racial segregation and the emergence of an urban underclass; but cities with annexation powers鈥攖ermed 鈥渆lastic鈥� by Rusk鈥攈ave shared in area-wide development.

The fourth edition updates Rusk鈥檚 argument using the 2010 Census and the American Community Survey. It provides new material on the difference between population trends and household trends, the impact of Hispanic immigration, and the potential for city-county consolidation. The fourth edition also brings added emphasis to 鈥渆lasticity mimics鈥濃�攁 variety of intergovernmental policies that can provide some of the benefits of regional consolidation efforts in situations where annexation and consolidation are impossible.

David Rusk is an independent consultant on urban and suburban policy. He is the author of Baltimore Unbound: A Strategy for Regional Renewal and Inside Game/Outside Game: Winning Strategies for Saving Urban America.

Introduction: Framing the Issue 1. Lessons from Urban AmericaLesson 1: The Real City is the Total Metropolitan Area鈥擟ity and SuburbLesson 2: Most of America's Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians Live in Metro AreasLesson 3: Since World War II, Most Urban Growth Has Been Low-Density, Suburban StyleLesson 4: For a City's Population to Grow, the City Must Be ElasticLesson 5: Almost All Metro Areas Have GrownLesson 6: Low-Density Cities Can Grow through Infill; High-Density Cities CannotLesson 7: Elastic Cities Expand Their City Limits; Inelastic Cities Do NotLesson 8: Bad State Laws Can Hobble CitiesLesson 9: Neighbors Can Trap CitiesLesson 10: Old Cities Are Complacent; Young Cities Are AmbitiousLesson 11: Racial Prejudice Has Shaped Growth PatternsLesson 12: Elastic Cities "Capture" Suburban Growth; Inelastic Cities "Contribute" to Suburban Population GrowthLesson 13: Elastic Cities Gain Population; Inelastic Cities Lose PopulationLesson 14: Shrinking Household Size Understates Elastic Cities' Gains while Overstating Inelastic Cities' LossesLesson 15: Inelastic Areas Are More Segregated Than Elastic AreasLesson 16: Major Immigration Increases Hispanic SegregationLesson 17: Highly Racially Segregated Regions Are Also Highly Economically Segregated RegionsLesson 18: Inelastic Cities Have Wide Income Gaps with Their Suburbs; Elastic Cities Maintain Greater City-Suburb BalanceLesson 19: Poverty Is More Disproportionately Concentrated in Inelastic Cities Than in Elastic CitiesLesson 20: Little Boxes Regions Foster Segregation; Big Box Regions Facilitate IntegrationLesson 21: Little Boxes School Districts Foster Segregation; Big Box School Districts Facilitate IntegrationLesson 22: Inelastic Areas Were Harder Hit by Deindustrialization of the American Labor MarketLesson 23: Elastic Areas Had Faster Rates of Nonfactory Job Creation Than Inelastic AreasLesson 24: Elastic Areas Showed Greater Real Income Gains Than Inelastic AreasLesson 25: Elastic Cities Have Better Bond Ratings Than Inelastic CitiesLesson 26: Elastic Areas Have a Higher-Educated Workforce Than Inelastic AreasConclusion 2. Characteristics of Metropolitan AreasThe Point of (Almost) No ReturnCities without Suburbs 3. Strategies for Stretching CitiesThree Essential Regional PoliciesMetro Government: A DefinitionState Government's Crucial RoleFederal Government: Leveling the Playing Field 4. Conclusion Appendix A: Successful City鈥揅ounty Consolidations Appendix B: Potential City鈥揅ounty Consolidations

鈥淭he evidence that Rusk has marshaled here makes a clear and cogent case that the survival of many American cities depends on making city and suburb one.鈥濃��New York Review of Books

鈥淓very mayor, every governor, every county executive, indeed anyone who cares about our great but ailing cities ought to read it.鈥濃��Detroit Free Press

鈥淭his book is MUST reading. Rusk makes his argument concisely, logically, and forcefully.鈥濃��Journal of the American Planning Association