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Made in China asks how China, the world鈥檚 largest communist nation, converged with global capitalism. Most scholars point to Deng Xiaoping and the reform and opening he implemented in the 1980s. But Ingleson shows that it was in the latter years of Mao鈥檚 rule that China鈥檚 convergence with capitalism began. From the early 1970s, when the United States and China re-opened trade, the interests of US capitalists and the Chinese state gradually aligned: at the expense of US labor and aided by US diplomats. Far from inevitable, she argues, China鈥檚 convergence with global capitalism hinged upon a fundamental reconfiguration of the very meaning of trade. For centuries, businesspeople had seen in China the promise of 鈥�400 million customers鈥�: to them China trade meant expanding exports. In the 1970s, US and Chinese traders together reframed the China market itself: to a new promise of outsourced manufacturing and 800 million workers.

Elizabeth O鈥橞rien Ingleson is an assistant professor in the International History department at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Prior to her appointment, she was a Henry Chauncey Jr. 鈥�57 Postdoctoral Associate at Yale University鈥檚 International Security Studies. She has held fellowships at the University of Virginia and Southern Methodist University and earnt her Ph.D. in history from the University of Sydney. She has published widely on US-China relations and US capitalism including the award-winning article, 鈥淚nvisible Hand of Diplomacy: Chinese Textiles and American Manufacturing in the 1970s,鈥� published in the Pacific Historical Review in summer 2021. Ingleson serves on the editorial board of the journal Cold War History.

The Washington History Seminar is co-chaired by Eric Arnesen (George Washington University) and Christian Ostermann (Woodrow 乐鱼 体育) and is organized jointly by the American Historical Association and the Woodrow 乐鱼 体育's History and Public Policy Program. It meets weekly during the academic year. The seminar thanks its anonymous individual donors and institutional partner (the George Washington University History Department) for their continued support.