乐鱼 体育

James DeHart

鈥淲e鈥檝e seen significant geopolitical changes; our relationship with Russia has become more difficult in particular since Russia's violation of Ukrainian sovereignty in 2014 鈥� And then China's interest in playing a role as a self-described near-Arctic nation, which is a category that we don鈥檛 believe exists. These geopolitical changes are important too.鈥�

鈥淭his is important, real cooperation with a real impact that has to continue. But, with this Arctic exceptionalism and, 'is it possible to completely walk off the region from the challenges that we have with Russia,' I don't know if we can do that completely. I think there鈥檚 probably less chance that we would see the beginning of a conflict in the Arctic; there is perhaps more likelihood that if conflict emerged elsewhere it could spread to the Arctic.鈥�

鈥淚t's the people who live in the region who are the true stakeholders. I鈥檓 sure that people who live in the region don't want decisions made over their heads or discussions to take place without their being able to add their voice to the discussion. I think it's really significant that in the Arctic Council the Permanent Participants sit at the main table and they're not in the background with the observers but they're there at the main table alongside the government. And I think that's proper.鈥�

Hon. Kenneth Yalowitz

鈥淲e really had hopes, you know, that the Arctic pretty much could be kept out of the broader geopolitical environment. That, unfortunately, has not been proven the case. But, there are still, I would argue and we argue, very strong grounds for agreeing that the situation is not unalterable and that the prospects for cooperation are still very good.鈥�

鈥淭he importance of the Arctic to Russia simply cannot be underestimated. 11 percent of its GDP comes from the oil, gas, and minerals there. 22 percent of its exports originate in the Arctic. Russia has a 4,000 km border on the Arctic Ocean, and with the ice melting and the borders becoming more permeable, that obviously is a major concern to them 鈥� We have seen, already, the increase in Russian military activity in the Arctic.鈥�

鈥淣o matter who wins this election, we鈥檙e going to have a lot of involvement and activity in the Arctic. I think the beginning of either a second Trump administration or a first Biden administration opens possibilities for reaching, you know, just a bit.鈥�

鈥淲hat I would want to see 鈥� is to have the Russians explain what their objectives are, which are of concern to us, and for us to explain on our side. And I think this is something that we cannot ignore; we are taking steps too鈥攐ur air force presence in the Arctic is very strong, very powerful鈥� It just strikes me, as a former diplomat, that by having the military at a high level talk to each other that we might be able鈥擨'm not saying we鈥檙e going to solve anything鈥攂ut at least we鈥檒l get a better understanding of where the other side is coming from.鈥�

Ross Virginia

鈥淲e are experiencing increased political uncertainty in this relationship. At the same time, we see the Arctic stressed by global warming, severe economic downturn, and a global pandemic. This is really a unique trifecta of challenges, placing the Arctic much more centrally on the world stage. So, these challenges call out for international collaboration.鈥�

鈥淥ne urgent need right now is improving climate forecasting. It鈥檚 extremely important for the Arctic itself, and the world. We need clear research findings to offer a sound scientific basis for future political decisions regarding environmental protection, sustainable economic development, and global cooperation about the Arctic.鈥�

Matthew Rojansky

鈥淟inkage is a reality鈥攊t's a reality of the human experience. To try to, kind of, wall off any space in our relationship entirely from what is going on elsewhere in that relationship may not be realistic. So, what I want to do is try to encourage this panel to think together, to bring all of the issues together, and find a way forward that is neither, 'we have to fix everything in order to make progress anywhere,' nor 'let's pretend we don't have problems.'鈥�

鈥淭he more important that the Arctic economy is to Russia, the more incentive U.S. and Western policy makers looking to exert leverage on Russia will have to sanction those things. I view that simply as a statement of fact鈥攊t's not an argument that there should be more emphasis on that or there should be less鈥攖hat we give them a pass in this area鈥攊t鈥檚 simply a question of incentives鈥� In the current sanctions dynamic we鈥檙e in, that鈥檚 likely to lead to more conflict and make it harder for us if we want to separate out that Arctic conversation.鈥�

鈥淭he Arctic is not going to be the inception of an escalating Russia-West confrontation, but it will be a theater of one.鈥�