乐鱼 体育

鈥淐ommunity mobilization, local capacity-building, and innovation are the cornerstones of successful development. And that for us includes resilience,鈥� said Franklin Moore, Africare鈥檚 Chief of Programs, at a 乐鱼 体育 event on family planning and sustainable development. As rapid population growth intersects with challenges like food and water scarcity, communities in developing countries need to not only the capacity to absorb short-term shocks, they also need transformative capacity to address long-term challenges.

Tailored education campaigns can engender lasting change, said Moore. In the Sahel region, Africare鈥檚 鈥渉usband schools鈥� teach men about the health and nutrition benefits of child-spacing. Such efforts help communities 鈥渕ake some transitions and behavioral shifts and to adopt new innovations,鈥� said Moore. 鈥淭ransformative capacity is where we find the innovations and institutional reform, behavior shift, and cultural change.鈥�

Securing Water to Ensure Stability

Water security means 鈥減roviding water for a multiplicity of users to support life on this planet and to support human activities,鈥� said Eric Viala, Director of the Sustainable Water Partnership. Water is essential for life, but also for public health, energy production, and agriculture. Each person in the developed world uses enough water to every year, said Viala鈥攁nd as the world鈥檚 population grows, so will the total demand for water.

The ongoing water crisis in Pakistan, where the population is predicted to reach 300 million by 2050, 鈥渉as brought the population issue also on to the table,鈥� said Zeba Sathar of the Population Council, who spoke from Islamabad via Skype. This conversation鈥斺�渂etween people who work on water issues, food issues, and population issues [has been] largely absent,鈥� she said. It is 鈥渢he shortage of water that鈥檚 bringing home the crisis of both water shortages and, of course, population growth and unmet need.鈥�  

Changing Farms to Feed Families

鈥淪eventy percent of water we use on this planet goes to food production,鈥� said Viala. 鈥淚f you don鈥檛 have the water to produce food, you can鈥檛 eat.鈥� can lead to hunger, even famine; while too much water鈥攆loods鈥攃an swamp farmland.

Families in many developing countries depend on subsistence farming for both food and livelihoods. As families grow, 鈥渢hat family farm鈥ill have to be divided鈥攕o if they are struggling with the plot of land they have now, they鈥檙e cutting it in half,鈥� said Jason Bremner of Family Planning 2020. Due to population growth, 鈥渢he hectares per family farm has declined over time,鈥� he said, threatening food security and economic development. 

To help communities adapt, Africare works with farmers to plant drought-resistant cowpea as well as forage sorghum, which can be used to feed livestock in times of drought. Through its community-led food security and distribution groups, Africare provides information not only on farming, but also on nutrition, health, and family planning, which helps members to both 鈥渕ake changes that relate to child-spacing and changes in agricultural practices that increase the nutritious food they are producing both for mothers and pregnant women,鈥� said Moore.

Seeking Shelter From the Storm

As population grows, so does the number of people affected by extreme weather鈥攑articularly in the most vulnerable parts of the world, including coastal areas, arid regions, and flood zones. For example, Nigeria鈥攖he most populous African country鈥攊s growing rapidly. 鈥淭here are 200 million today, and there are ,鈥漵aid Bremner. The severe drought in the Lake Chad region, combined with the ongoing violence from Boko Haram, has contributed to the country鈥檚 millions of internally displaced people, said Bremner, pushing some to leave the country: Nigeria was the he said.

In Pakistan, severe flooding in 2010 destroyed homes and livelihoods, forcing many residents along the Indus River to seek safety or employment elsewhere. A found that women affected by the flooding not only increased female employment, but also increased access to family planning and maternal health care, due to the presence of international relief organizations. Women were 鈥渁ble to absorb new changes in behavior,鈥� which manifested in 鈥渁 sharp uptick in contraceptive use鈥� and 鈥済reater involvement in economic work,鈥� said Sathar.   

Integrated Approaches for Interlinked Challenges

鈥淢ost leaders understand that population growth has a major impact on stability,鈥� said Viala. The African Union, for example, has seen success 鈥渓inking the reduction in fertility, and favorable birth spacing patterns, with a demographic dividend鈥ith positive development outcomes,鈥� said Sathar.

To build more resilient communities, 鈥渋t is really critical that we understand these interlinked challenges and we find new ways of doing business, as business as usual鈥攕tandard family planning programs, our standard efforts of reaching communities with water and environmental issues鈥攁re going to be further stressed,鈥� said Bremner. 鈥淯ntil we find different ways of doing business, then we will continue to see interconnectedness as innovation, instead of interconnectedness as being the way of doing business.鈥�

Written by Olivia Smith and edited by Meaghan Parker.

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